Deutsch, Präpositionen, aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, Dativ oder Akkusativ, um, ohne, für, gegen,
English Prepositions,


Englische Präpositionen:, Abgrenzung von Konjunktionen, Adverben, Phrasal Verbs, Prepositional Verbs,

Englische Präpositionen: lokal, temporal, kausal, Dimension, of,

Englische Präpositionen: under, underneath, beneath, up-down, above, below, over,

Englische Präpositionen: Zusammenfassung,



1. What is a preposition?

- Prepositions belong to the closed word classes
- You can find complemented prepositions in the following places, before:
*nouns: I gave the book to Charlie.
*pronouns: I gave it to him.
*ing-clauses: Charlie devotes his time to reading.
*wh-clauses: I told her about what he had done.
Prepositions are not followed by `to-infinitives´.

There is a difference between the preposition `to´ and the particle `to´ + infinitive:
We look forward to seeing you/ to your visit (preposition)
We hope to see you soon. (to-particle + infinitive)



2. Different kinds of prepositions:
- simple prepositions: they consist of one word: in, on, at, by, to, ...
- complex prepositions: a) two-word sequences: + Because of the raining weather...
+ I sat next to an old person...
b) three-word sequences: as a result of, in line with, in front of,
on top of
- marginal prepositions: they behave like normal prepositions, but derive from words belonging to other word classes; they use the -ing- and -ed-ending to change the word class: expecting, concerning, regarding, following, mentioned oder including.


3. Distinguishing prepositions and other word classes:
- prepositions and conjunctions:
Both prepositions and conjunctions connect sentences.
since this morning. (Präposition)
I haven’t seen him
since he left this morning. (Konjunktion)

she arrived. (Konjunktion)
The day before
her arrival. (Präposition)
Conjunctions connect 2 sentences or introduce a clause, prepositions have complements which are nominal or nominalized.


- Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Verbs
Phrasal verb: She rang her boy friend up.
She rang up her boy friend.
Prepositional verb: She applied for a scholarship.
*She applied a scholarship for.
Both Phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs consist of a verb + one or two prepositions. There is no particle shifting with Prepositional verbs.
- Präposition und Adverb
Examples: She looked up the hill. (preposition)
She looked up the word. (adverb particle of a phrasal verb)
prepositional phrase: `up the hill´
phrasal verb: `look up´

4. Meaning of prepositions
4.1.local prepositions
*Dimension
June is at the supermarket. point
Something is on the table. surface
There are nails and a hammer in the box. container
- Direction
I was at home. I went to town. I was in town.
Moving verbs like go, run, rush, travel, fly + prepositions like at, to, away, from, off, around etc.
- relative position or relative destination
prepositions like by, under, over etc.
below, beneath, above, on the top of, underneath are used with a horizontal axis.
before, in front of, behind are used with a vertical axis.
- Passage
a movement through a place: across, through, past, by, over, under etc.
He creeped under a table.
- Direction
Expressing a direction along a line or crossing it: up, down, along, across and (a)round
- Orientation
A point where a speaker is situated from where he/she does something.
beyond, over and past
There is a newsagent’s across/ over the road.
4.2. temporal prepositions
The usage of at:
points of time, meals, holidays, age
The usage of on:
weekdays, parts of the day, data, anniversaries, festivities
The usage of in:
parts of the day, months, years, seasons, festivities
Duration is expressed by: for, in, within, over, all through, throughout usw.
„I finished the examination in (within) an hour and half.“
4.3. cause
Cause prepositions answer to the question WHY?
because of, on account of, for oder from.
I hid the money, for fear of what my parents would say.
-a reason: He’ll do anything for money.
-a goal: He set out for London.
-a recipient: He cooked a dinner for her.

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